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Ser vs Estar Practice

Two Spanish verbs for one English word. Practice choosing between ser and estar with 32 exercises and instant explanations.

32 exercises~9 min to completeA1 – A2 level
IRead first

Two Spanish verbs for “to be”.

Spanish has two verbs for to be. Use ser for what something fundamentally is — identity, profession, origin, time, lasting characteristics.

Use estar for where something is, how it feels right now, or what it is doing. The two memory tricks below cover almost every case you will meet.

32 exercises below. Read the explanation after each answer — that's where the rule sinks in.

IIQuick reference
serDOCTOR
What something is
D
Description (lasting traits)
Ella es alta y delgada.
O
Occupation
Soy profesor de inglés.
C
Characteristic / personality
Mis amigos son amables.
T
Time, date, day
Son las tres y media.
O
Origin / nationality / material
La mesa es de madera.
R
Relationship
Marcos es mi primo.
estarPLACE
How or where it is right now
P
Position / posture
Está sentado en el sofá.
L
Location of objects and people
Estoy en la oficina.
A
Action in progress (estar + -ndo)
Estamos comiendo paella.
C
Condition (temporary state)
El café está caliente.
E
Emotion / mood
Hoy estoy muy feliz.
Adjectives that flip meaning
  • ser aburrido = boring · estar aburrido = boredEl libro es aburrido. / Estoy aburrido.
  • ser listo = clever · estar listo = readyPablo es listo. / Pablo está listo.
  • ser rico = wealthy · estar rico = deliciousEs rico. / La paella está rica.
  • ser verde = green (color) · estar verde = unripeLa manzana es verde. / La manzana está verde.
IIIPractice exercises

Practice.

Answer first, then read the explanation. Don't skip it — that's the whole point.

Exercise 01 of 32Tag: Jobs & roles
Fill in the blank

María _____ doctora en un hospital grande.

María is a doctor at a big hospital.

Exercise 02 of 32Tag: Location
Fill in the blank

El restaurante _____ en la Calle Mayor, cerca del parque.

The restaurant is on Calle Mayor, near the park.

Exercise 03 of 32Tag: Meaning shift
Choose the correct sentence

Which sentence correctly says the soup is cold (right now)?

Context: the soup has gone cold — not that it's a cold-by-recipe soup.

Watch out

With adjectives, the same word can mean opposite things. “Ser aburrido” means a boring person; “estar aburrido” means bored right now.

Exercise 04 of 32Tag: Telling time
Fill in the blank

_____ las tres y media de la tarde.

It's 3:30 in the afternoon.

Exercise 05 of 32Tag: Spotting errors
Choose the correct sentence

Which sentence is grammatically wrong?

Context: my brother is tired after work — one option breaks the ser/estar rule.

Quick test

Use ser for what something is (identity, time, dates). Use estar for how something is right now (location, mood, what it’s doing).

Exercise 06 of 32Tag: Meaning shift
Choose the correct sentence

Pick the sentence that means the apple is not yet ripe.

Context: the apple hasn't ripened yet — not that it's a green-variety apple.

Exercise 07 of 32Tag: Origin
Fill in the blank

Mis abuelos _____ de Argentina, pero viven en España.

My grandparents are from Argentina, but they live in Spain.

Exercise 08 of 32Tag: Lasting traits
Fill in the blank

Mi nueva profesora _____ muy inteligente y simpática.

My new teacher is very intelligent and friendly.

Exercise 09 of 32Tag: Emotions
Fill in the blank

Carlos _____ triste porque su perro está enfermo.

Carlos is sad because his dog is sick.

Exercise 10 of 32Tag: Progressive
Fill in the blank

Los niños _____ jugando en el jardín ahora mismo.

The children are playing in the garden right now.

Exercise 11 of 32Tag: Date
Fill in the blank

Hoy _____ lunes, dos de septiembre.

Today is Monday, September 2nd.

Exercise 12 of 32Tag: Material
Fill in the blank

Esta mesa _____ de madera de roble.

This table is made of oak wood.

Exercise 13 of 32Tag: Position
Fill in the blank

El abuelo _____ sentado en su silla favorita.

Grandpa is sitting in his favorite chair.

Exercise 14 of 32Tag: Meaning shift
Choose the correct sentence

You taste a slice of paella and want to compliment the cook. Which is correct?

Context: you just tasted the paella and love it.

Exercise 15 of 32Tag: Relationships
Fill in the blank

Pedro y Ana _____ mis mejores amigos desde la universidad.

Pedro and Ana are my best friends from university.

Exercise 16 of 32Tag: Event location
Fill in the blank

La fiesta de cumpleaños _____ en casa de Lucía el sábado.

Lucía's birthday party is at her house on Saturday.

Exercise 17 of 32Tag: Location
Fill in the blank

Las llaves _____ encima de la mesa de la entrada.

The keys are on top of the entryway table.

Exercise 18 of 32Tag: Meaning shift
Choose the correct sentence

How do you say Pablo is ready (about to leave)?

Context: Pablo has his coat on and his bag packed.

Exercise 19 of 32Tag: Lasting traits
Fill in the blank

El cielo _____ azul y no hay ni una nube.

The sky is blue and there isn't a single cloud.

Exercise 20 of 32Tag: Conditions
Fill in the blank

Cuidado, el plato _____ muy caliente. Acaba de salir del horno.

Careful, the plate is very hot. It just came out of the oven.

Exercise 21 of 32Tag: Possession
Fill in the blank

Este abrigo _____ de mi hermana. Yo solo lo uso a veces.

This coat belongs to my sister. I just borrow it sometimes.

Exercise 22 of 32Tag: Progressive
Fill in the blank

¿Qué haces? — _____ leyendo un artículo muy interesante.

What are you doing? — I'm reading a really interesting article.

Exercise 23 of 32Tag: Spotting errors
Choose the correct sentence

Which sentence has the wrong verb choice?

Find the broken ser/estar choice.

Exercise 24 of 32Tag: Lasting traits
Fill in the blank

Madrid _____ la capital de España.

Madrid is the capital of Spain.

Exercise 25 of 32Tag: Location
Fill in the blank

Madrid _____ en el centro de España.

Madrid is in the center of Spain.

Exercise 26 of 32Tag: Conditions
Fill in the blank

La tienda ya _____ cerrada. Volveremos mañana.

The shop is already closed. We'll come back tomorrow.

Exercise 27 of 32Tag: Meaning shift
Choose the correct sentence

How do you say I'm bored at this party?

Context: you're at a party and not having fun.

Exercise 28 of 32Tag: Nationality
Fill in the blank

Sofía y Marco _____ italianos, de Florencia.

Sofía and Marco are Italian, from Florence.

Exercise 29 of 32Tag: Conditions
Fill in the blank

No puedo ir a clase hoy porque _____ enfermo.

I can't go to class today because I'm sick.

Exercise 30 of 32Tag: Lasting traits
Fill in the blank

El examen _____ muy difícil; muchos estudiantes suspendieron.

The exam is very hard; many students failed.

Exercise 31 of 32Tag: Spotting errors
Choose the correct sentence

Which sentence sounds wrong to a native speaker?

Spot the unnatural ser/estar choice.

Exercise 32 of 32Tag: Conditions
Fill in the blank

Después de correr diez kilómetros, _____ agotada.

After running ten kilometers, I'm exhausted.

Every answer is explained

Not just a green check. A short paragraph telling you why.

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Questions answered

Common questions.

When do you use ser in Spanish?+

Use ser for things that define what something is: identity, nationality, profession, lasting characteristics, relationships, time, dates, and origin. The DOCTOR mnemonic — Description, Occupation, Characteristic, Time, Origin, Relationship — covers the main cases.

What's the difference between ser and estar?+

Ser describes essence — what something fundamentally is. Estar describes state — where something is, how it feels right now, or what it is doing. The same adjective can flip meaning: ser aburrido means boring, estar aburrido means bored.

Is it ser or estar for feelings and emotions?+

Almost always estar. Emotions are temporary states: estoy feliz, está triste, estamos nerviosos. The exception is describing someone's personality as a defining trait — ser alegre means to be a cheerful person by nature.

Which one is used for location?+

Estar, always — even for permanent locations. Madrid está en España. The exception is events: ¿Dónde es el concierto? uses ser because you are talking about when and where the event takes place, not where a physical object sits.

How do I remember which one to use?+

Use the DOCTOR / PLACE mnemonic. DOCTOR for ser: Description, Occupation, Characteristic, Time, Origin, Relationship. PLACE for estar: Position, Location, Action (progressive), Condition, Emotion.

Are these ser vs estar exercises free?+

Yes. All 32 exercises on this page are free, work without an account, and give a clear explanation after every answer.